Tuesday, June 30, 2015

KOENIGSEGG ONE:1

Just sitting in the passenger seat of the Koenigsegg One:1as it attacks a wet runway is, in terms of spiked adrenaline, somewhere between a solo sky dive and being chased by a bull while running in red pants. But as the man from the factory demonstrates, even in the sodden conditions we’ve found waiting for us in Sweden, the world’s fastest car can still be easily controlled. Or so it seemed.
It’s been raining all day, and the One:1 is struggling to put its monstrous power onto the slick surface of the former airbase that serves as Koenigsegg’s test track. The engine is bellowing and the car squirming and sliding as the twin-turbocharged V-8 comes on boost. Even with the stability control switched on and working overtime, it’s struggling to find grip. Running on regular pump gasoline means around 1161 horsepower; 1341 horses and 1011 pound-feet come when it’s fueled with E85. But either way, that’s vastly more twist than the rear Michelins can deliver to the soaked tarmac. Glancing across at the instrument display, I can see that the wheels only stop trying to spin as we pass 125 mph, when serious aerodynamic downforce starts to push the car into the track.
For a couple of heartbeats, we experience the full, brutal acceleration of a car that makes a steam catapult look underpowered.
And then, with a jarring suddenness, the car snaps sideways, and, although the runway is still arriving at an undiminished rate, it’s now coming at the passenger window. A look across the cockpit confirms that this isn’t part of the show; our driver’s face makes it clear that we’re having an unscripted moment in a $2.8 million hypercar. He briefly holds the slide, and then there’s the sensation of momentum shifting, the pendulum swinging back. There isn’t enough opposite lock in the world to catch this one, and sideways becomes backwards toward the edge of the runway.
There’s time aplenty to frame a couple of thoughts. First, and most pressingly, I wonder what will happen if we finish upside down in a car with scissor-hinged doors. Second, and more incongruously, I observe that the grounds-keeping standards have really slipped since the Swedish air force vacated this place 12 years ago. As the edge of the runway approaches, it seems to be made up more of stuff than space: bush, gap, tree, gap, bush, gap, and so on, rushing past like the repeating background in a Hanna-Barbera cartoon.
We’re lucky. We leave the runway through one of the gaps, threading a line between two substantial bushes 50 yards apart at such an angle that we almost hit both. The car comes to rest after another half-rotation, right side up and having encountered nothing harder than scythed grass as it spins to a stop. The cabin is filled with exhaled breath, swearwords in two languages, and nervous laughter. And now it’s my turn to drive.
You’d be forgiven for thinking that the Koenigsegg One:1 was designed as an online meme as much as an actual hypercar. Within scant seconds of Koenigsegg releasing the details of this even faster, even more hard-core version of the existing Agera R, it was vying with Kim Kardashian’s backside to break the internet.
Let’s start with the name, which is meant to be pronounced as a ratio, as in “one-to-one,” rather than “one-one.” It refers to both the car’s metric power output of one megawatt (or 1341 horsepower, when running on that E85 alcohol-gasoline blend) and its perfectly balanced power-to-metric-weight ratio. As in, 1.0 kilogram to 1.0 PS (or Pferdestarke, which equals 0.986 horsepower). Did we mention that geeks built this car? Its other claimed numbers read like a fanboy fantasy, too. It’ll go from a dead stop to 250 mph in 20 seconds, reach a 273-mph top speed, and generate 1345 pounds of downforce at 160 mph.
Yet it’s real. Koenigsegg has made it, and we’ve been invited to the factory in Ängelholm in southern Sweden to drive it. In the little jewelry box that is its market, Koenigsegg has become a major player. Only seven One:1s will be made, with four going to Asia, two to Europe, and one to the U.S.
However, should they opt to visit, the hypercar-buying elite won’t exactly be overwhelmed by Koenigsegg’s factory. The low-rise offices and the pair of former aircraft hangars painted turf green offer exactly none of the drama of standing before Ferrari’s famous gate. No evidence of the company’s products is parked outside, and with just 115 cars built over the past 12 years, this is hardly a big-inventory type of operation. Yet Koenigsegg does more under its own roof than almost any other automaker. All the engineering and design is based here; every carbon-fiber part is molded and baked on-site, including components like seat frames and wheels; and the cars are painted and trimmed here. The engines are also built and dyno-tested here. Everything is done by hand, and everything seems to take eons. Assembling the body shell from 400 separate pieces takes 600 hours. Just painting a car takes between 800 and 1200 hours, depending on the finish.
Eventually I meet the One:1, sitting apart from the main production area with its rear clamshell propped up and its scissor-hinged doors open. There isn’t any heavenly music, but it does become impossible to concentrate on anything else. Like the company’s other models, the Won-to-won is not classically beautiful. But it does look devastatingly effective, covered as it is in aerodynamic winglets and vanes and with that vast rear wing, like a blinged-up LMP1 racer.
I’m gawping so hard that it takes longer than it should to realize we’ve been joined by Christian von Koenigsegg himself. The company’s stout, bald founder always looks as if he’s just a white cat away from being a Bond villain, but he’s affability itself in person. He talks me through the GPS-adaptive suspension and its ability to adjust damping corner by corner on selected racetracks, and regrets that the prototype I’ll be driving (and it is the prototype) doesn’t have the active noise-cancellation system the company has designed for the production models. Then, almost as an afterthought, he mentions his and the company’s plans to smash the production-car record at the Nürburgring Nordschleife this year. He figures that both the Agera R and the One:1 will be able to comfortably beat the Porsche 918’s lap of 6 minutes and 57 seconds. “When we look at the sector times, we’re already on course for a record,” he says.

BMW M4 vs AUDI RS5 vs LEXUS RC F

It’s not that they’re an afterthought or a profitable side line; rather, they’re a spasmodic and unpreventable release of the latent enthusiasm that builds up when you are forced, for very good reasons, to spend most of the year grinding out Avensises and Aurises.
The discontinued Lexus LFA, a money-losing masterpiece that could not perhaps have been built anywhere else, is the most obvious example of this cathartic approach (although the current Toyota GT86, an extraordinary attempt to hotwire a niche concern into a mainstream offering, must run it close).
The IS F, though, predates them both. The four-door saloon, introduced in 2007, was more obvious territory for Lexus, but it was still conceived and developed in a way that made it seem more like muscle spasm than cast-iron range inclusion. It drove that way, too, being amusing and wayward and worrying in divertingly unequal measure.
The newer, fewer-doored Lexus RC F, our reason for assembling the cars that you see above, is an indirect descendant of that car – chiefly through its 5.0-litre V8 petrol engine.
In Europe, the repeat appearance of so many atmosphere-munching cylinders has provoked a collective raising of the eyebrows, most of them questioning the need for quite so much cubic capacity when the opposition – namely BMW and Mercedes-Benz – are now extracting more from significantly less.
Such dubiousness is valid, of course, if a little Eurocentric. Lexus is using the V8 not because it’s a warbling throwback, but because it’s the Euro 6-compliant global engine available, it being a tricked-up version of the unit that is slid into more humble fare, often with electric motors attached. This is why it can be made to function on the fuel-sipping (and gently power-sapping) Atkinson cycle, should you wish to attempt to draw the quoted 26.2mpg out of its hat.
Read the full BMW M4 review
Since the IS F, it has been revised again, mostly to make it rev higher and harder, producing yet more power along the way. The resultis the most powerful road-going Lexus V8 yet – the marketing department’s way of saying that it’s 54bhp perkier than before.
That, at least, compares favourably with the competition, a Germanic collective that is bisected by the RC F in terms of engine technology. On one hand, there’s the new BMW M4, torch-carrier for a future generation of cars dependent on forced induction.
On the other, there’s the Audi RS5,a leftover from the soon-to-be-extinct era when it was deemed okay to mount a supercar’s engine over the front axle and holler out “finished” to the rest of the factory. The M4 develops 425bhp and the RS5 444bhp, leaving the RC F, at 471bhp, looking even more muscle-bound than its many bulges already suggest.
Each, though, will do 0-62mph in about 4.5sec, seat four people in relative comfort and set you back the best part of £60k. Their designers shared a style guide, too, each being a different version of the same raked, narrow-eyed, cold-shouldered brute. The eldest, the RS5, has a certain Q-car subtlety about it.
The newest is a Japanese Brillo pad of ideas, some half finished, others overplayed, still more just stuck on for fun. Visually, it rears up at you like a manga trailer. Most likely, it suits neon and steam, not the investigative white light of the Peak District.
Inside, it swerves so violently back to the straight and narrow that you’d think the right hand missed a memo from the left. Lexus, apparently oblivious to Jonathan Ives’ plasmatic revolution, builds interiors as though it were working to a 1970s Xerox R&D blueprint.
There must be 30 buttons on the RC F’s centre console to go with a brusquely gated gear selector and, yes, a touch-sensitive mouse pad. Everything slots together as though it has all been machined from a single three-metre-square cube of high-grade plastic, and everything is done better – prettier, suaver, sleeker – in both of its European rivals.
Switched on, warmed over and driven in the default condition of many, many modes, each car telegraphs a different take on what expensively rendered normality should feel like.
Read the full Lexus RC F review
The RS5, defined by its supreme Audiness even late on in its lifecycle, still girdles you in an unyielding pressure chamber of refinement. On passive dampers, it rides with a thick-necked stubbornness and steers with brooding intent. It feels nose-heavy and tacked to the planet like a continental shelf. It would be a boorish nuisance if there wasn’t so much effervescence shimmering off the 4.2-litre V8’s 1-5-4-8-6-3-7-2 firing sequence.
This, surely, was the engine on Lexus’s benchmarking spreadsheet – the reason for its new titanium valves and forged conrods and that higher 7300rpm limit. The Audi unit, peppered with the nonchalant blips and clicks of its quick-witted seven-speed dual-clutch automatic gearbox, goes farther around the rev counter by almost 1000rpm, every last speck of it in a distant fuel-stratifying trill of moving parts. It is that rare and special sort of motor which has you pondering the remarkable stresses it must be under without ever considering its preservation.
In the M4, on the same damp hillside, your thoughts are more likely to turn to the welfare of your own internals. The rear axle is rebellious to the point of outright silliness in poor weather. Blithe throttle inputs of the size swallowed by the quattro drivetrain will have the back end trying to overtake the front, a tendency even repeated between the pugnacious, head-nodding manual shifts of BMW’s more aggressive seven-speed M DCT.
Such overt waywardness can only be intentional – part of M division’s grand scheme to ensure that its most famous son cannot be accused of detachment or dullness. Better that it growl and spit like a risk-inclined mongrel occasionally if that’s what it takes to stage manage the right kind of instinctive directional energy.
This it manufactures in prodigious quantities, partly via a typically direct steering rack and its lighter, better balanced kerb weight, and partly through the viciousness located beyond the bulkhead.
There’s no aerated V8 fizz here, but rather a spooled-up industrial retort from what can only be described as a glowering petrol generator of a 3.0-litre straight six. Its turbos are twofold, dinky and intended not to hinder an engine that revs, via its own set of exotic components, to well beyond 7000rpm. That’s despite forced induction. The benefits of it are felt much sooner, most obviously in the savage 406lb ft of torque that it belches onto the road from 1850rpm.
It is this rip tide of coercion – summoned from less than half the crank speed of its rivals – along with the 30mpg-plus the M4 returns on the motorway that threatens to sweep the atmospheric V8 into superfluousness.
The RC F certainly has no answer. Driven modestly, it is treacly by comparison, defaulting to a baritone and gentlemanly obedience below 4000rpm. There’s a hint of waft, even, helped along by the nebulous upshifts from the only conventional automatic present and a throttle that’s apparently indifferent to the first few inches of pedal travel.
It can’t quite match this coyness in the suspension, where the rebound is a little too eager to keep the car on an even keel, despite the bony repercussions. But it is a considerate package, nevertheless – less alert, more hospitable. Imperiously Lexus, then.
Read the full Audi RS5 review
To cast off the stateliness, one must either cycle through the four drive modes or else bring your size nine down to meet the nylon shag. Either way, somewhere in the mid-range, the exhaust, or the speaker beneath the instrument cluster frantically channelling the exhaust, finds its voice – and the new valves, injection system and cylinder head finally show their worth.
The needle’s sprint up to the redline isn’t as riotously quick as in the RS5, nor the thrust that accompanies it on par with the M4’s, but the V8’s climactic roar is almost as compelling because of the sense of heft that comes with it – like feeling the ground shake beneath a charging rhino. Transferred to the wider asphalt of Blyton Park circuit, the RC F is the one car here that feels as though it could use the space of the long back straight to expend its full, long-legged potential.
In some measure, that is the shortcoming of the eight-speed auto ’box, which really must be shifted manually if you don’t want to wait for the old-fashioned delay of an elastic-band kickdown. But mostly, it’s the fault of the coupé’s kerb weight, a 1765kg millstone (minus driver) that somehow manages to make the extra mechanicals of Audi’s all-wheel-drive car appear undernourished. The RC F carries this extra mass around a track conspicuously, making it more numb and less wieldy than it deserves to be.
The nervous system beneath the fatty tissue is clearly functional, though. Squat and appreciably more adherent than the M4, the car makes the most of its firm chassis and can be cornered with the kind of confidence that comes from knowing the front will start hinting at you before the back gives up. Optionally, there’s a torque-vectoring differential to help smooth the transition from neutrality to tyre-spinning excess, a state that it handles with manageable panache.
The verdict
The RC F's adjustability and briskly fluent steering almost has it pip the RS5 in the final running order, especially given the inordinately massive lift-off required to have the Audi reconcile itself with a new line. But the RC F’s ultimate inability to satisfy at either end of its changeable nature – not as a big-chested GT or flat-out thrill seeker – dooms it to Toyota’s catalogue of nice ideas rather than its shortlist of unmitigated triumphs.
The RS5, certainly at Blyton, isn’t any more lovable. It is, as you would expect, plainer, stickier and faithful to the point of brute force. It won’t have you yearning for another lap or desperate to find the keys in your pocket when it’s all over, either. And yet, unlike the Lexus, it has one virtuoso aspect in that princely V8. It also has the means to deploy it, one not dependent on the weather, time of day or even a basic level of attention.
Although, if you get the chance, we’d advise you to sit up straight; there’s a man in Ingolstadt right now plotting this engine’s demise – and when it’s gone, there won’t be another like it.
There will be more like the M4, though, and that’s fine. Its laps rumble through the memory in a sweaty blur. But then there were a lot of them. The car is, at once, tenacious, tiring and ballistic. Even in drier conditions, the limits of its traction are not typically progressive.
The uptight diff makes the rear end a twangy affair, and although the chassis telegraphs it plainly enough, it doesn’t make for an easy-going experience. It is an invigorating one, though, and that’s largely the point.
Much about the BMW – its steroidal engine, vociferous soundtrack, delinquent handling bias and so on – is an instant fix, each made so immoderate that you could access them on your driveway. Flagrant hedonism doesn’t make it perfect all the way around, but, boy, is it a coupé for our times.
BMW M4 Coupe

Price £61,475; Engine 6 cylinders, inline, 2987cc, petrol, twin-turbo; Power 425bhp at 5500-7300rpm; Torque 406lb ft at 1850-5500rpm; Gearbox 7-spd dual-clutch auto; Kerb weight 1572kg; Top speed 155mph (limited); 0-62mph 4.3sec; Economy 34mpg; CO2/tax band 194g/km, 32 per cent



Audi RS5 Coupe

Price £59,870; Engine 8 cylinders, V-formation, 4163cc, petrol; Power 444bhp at 8250rpm; Torque 317lb ft at 4000-6000rpm; Gearbox 7-spd dual-clutch suto; Kerb weight 1715kg; Top speed 155mph (limited); 0-62mph 4.5sec; Economy 26.9mpg; CO2/tax band 246g/km, 35 per cent




Lexus RC F

Price £60,995; Engine 8 cylinders, V-formation, 4969cc, petrol; Power 471bhp at 7300rpm; Torque 391lb ft at 4800-5600rpm; Gearbox 8-spd auto; Kerb weight 1765kg; Top speed 155mph (limited); 0-62mph 4.5sec; Economy 26.2mpg; CO2/tax band 252g/km, 35 per cent

BUGATTI CHIRON

Creating a follow-up to the world-eatingVeyron is surely a colossal task, but Bugatti thinks it has the right stuff with the upcoming 2018 Bugatti Chiron. Official details are sparse, but rumors around this superlative-laden hypercars are starting to rise to the surface, with reports revealing that, compared to the Veyron, the Chiron will be lighter, more powerful, faster, and come packed with new tech like electrically driven turbochargers and all-wheel torqueUnderstandably, Bugatti will bring over a good deal of Veyron when it goes about creating the Chiron. The body, for example, will utilize the Veyron’s existing carbon-fiber structure. However, in a recent post, the publication Automobile says over “90 percent of the parts will be new or altered to enhance rigidity and keep down the Chiron’s curb weight.”
Speaking of carryovers, the Veyron’s outrageous 8.0-liter, quad-turbo, W-16 engine will once again see use in the Chiron, but this time around, it’ll pump out 1,500 horsepower and 1,100 pound-feet of torque, blessing the car with a low 2-second 0-to-60 time and a top speed in excess of 280 mph. Please excuse the Keanu Reeves impersonation, but "Woah."
To help create stratospheric figures like that, two of the four turbos will be electrically driven. Assisting handling and grip is AWD and an advanced torque vectoring system, while a seven-speed dual-clutch transmission routes the power. The interior will be reportedly roomier than the Veyron’s cabin, with better visibility and an improved driving position.
The Chiron is expected to see the light of day sometime next year. Anyone looking to call one his own should expect an outlay of around $2.4 million.

FEERRARI 488GTB

FERRARI 458GTB(spec)
 
Can you feel the generational shift? That change in the supercar game comes from Ferrari, which has unveiled its new eight-cylinder, mid-engine sports-car standard-bearer, and the successor to the much-loved 458 ITALIA sees the insane-revving, naturally aspirated V-8 retired in favor of a turbocharged unit. This follows Ferrari’s recent promise that all of its future engines will be turbocharged or hybridized.

Power and Speed

The new engine is smaller than its predecessor, and its displacement of 488 cubic centimeters per cylinder gives the car its name: 488GTB. Multiplied by eight, that works out to 3902 cc for the new 90-degree V-8, which is mated to, as was the 458’s V-8, a seven-speed dual-clutch automatic. Despite the 0.6-liter reduction in displacement, the new engine makes more power: 661 horsepower at 8000 rpm, versus 597 horsepower at 9000 rpm for the 458 Speciale. Torque, predictably, is greater as well, reaching 561 lb-ft at a low 3000 rpm, far eclipsing the 458Apeciale’s 398 lb-ft.
Ferrari credits the engine’s extreme performance to a range of efficiency improvements over the 458’s V-8. For instance, an ion-sensing system helps control ignition timing and is a more exact method of detecting knock. High-tumble intake ports help air rush onto the scene of combustion crime, where fuel is directly injected at a pressure of 2900 psi. The oil pump pushes lubrication at varying levels on demand. Decreased friction in the valvetrain absorbs 10 percent less power.
Like the screaming, naturally aspirated 458, the 488 uses an engine with a flat-plane crankshaft that should help it retain the “seductive soundtrack” that Ferrari promises. The 458 lacks artificial aspiration, but the Maranello carmaker claims that the new car’s twin-turbocharged engine has “zero turbo lag.” The twin-scroll turbos themselves use premium componentry such as shafts mounted on ball bearings and compressor wheels hewn from a low-density alloy of titanium and aluminum. Ferrari even trumpets “a special seal on the turbine housing [that] ensures a minimum gap between it and the compressor wheel for maximum efficiency.”
Variable Torque Management helps get the power all the way to the rear wheels posthaste. Ferrari claims that the superquick seven-speed transmission will enable the engine to hit the rev limiter in fourth gear just six seconds after the car leaves from a stop.
The extra oomph shaves only fractions of a second from the official Fiorano lap time compared with the latest and greatest iteration of the 458, the Speciale A (which just debuted last fall). The 488GTB gets around Fiorano in 1:23.0, a half-second quicker than the Speciale A. The two cars both claim a 3.0-second zero-to-62-mph time. As speeds increase, however, the 488GTB shows its advantage, reaching 124 mph in 8.3 seconds, compared to its forebear’s 9.5. The 488GTB also is said to be capable of 205 mph, 3 mph higher than the now-completely-useless 458 Speciale A. Brembo Extreme Design brakes—derived from the LaFerrari’s—help haul down the 488 in nine-percent less linear space than the 458’s lesser binders could accomplish. These features and figures should help the Ferrari do battle with the Lamborghini Huracán and the McLaren 650S, the latter of which will beget a higher-performance variant, the 675LT, at Geneva.

Airing It Out

Aside from the revolutionary change affecting the redheaded beauty under the plexiglass cover, the specs indicate that the 488GTB otherwise hews closely to the formula that has been so successful in the 458. The shapely new body is 1.6 inches longer than the 458 Italia’s, 0.6 inch wider, and identical in height. Ferrari says the new car has less aerodynamic drag but creates 50 percent greater downforce (stated as 717 pounds at 155 mph). Large, body-side air intakes are split into two sections and are supposed to reference the original mid-engine, eight-cylinder Ferrari, the 308. Among the 488’s airflow-managing elements are an “Aero Pillar” on the front end, “vortex generators” underneath, and active flaps in the rear diffuser. A “blown spoiler”—trickle-down Formula 1 technology—funnels air in through a wide channel at the base of the rear window and out the back of the car, just above the license plate.
Ferrari’s quoted “dry weight” (at 3020 pounds) is 22 pounds lighter than it cites for the standard 458 Italia, with 53.5 percent pressing down on the rear wheels. (The forged 20-inch wheels themselves save 18 pounds.) For reference, the lightest 458 Italia we’ve weighed tipped our scales at 3325 pounds in road-ready trim.

Familiar Environs

Inside, there’s much that looks familiar, with the photos showing aggressively bolstered, Daytona-style seats, conventional knobs and switches (no touch screen here), and a complete absence of column stalks. The multifunction steering wheel includes buttons even for lights, wipers, and turn signals, in addition to the damper setting, engine start, and Ferrari’s manettino chassis-control switch. Viewed through the steering wheel is the large, central tachometer with digital gear indicator, and it’s flanked by configurable screens. New seats and door panels are designed to make the interior more humane. A fresh key design mimics the shape of the engine’s intake plenums and permits passive entry and starting. Optional carbon-fiber trim can cover various parts of the interior (and the exterior aero fillips); also optional are a telemetry system like that in the LaFerrari and a 12-speaker, 1280-watt stereo.
One of the more intriguing bits of technology is Ferrari’s Side Slip Angle Control. It debuted on the 458 Speciale but this time around is “more precise yet less invasive”—which is how we generally like things. It harnesses the electronically controlled rear differential, the traction control system, and—now—the electronically controlled dampers to enable greater tail-out antics. Sounds like huge fun, eh?
First, though, you’ve got to get your hands on one. There’s no word yet on pricing, but for reference, Ferrari currently asks $243,000 for a 458, so figure something north of there. For those special customers deemed worthy, deliveries of the 488GTB start in Europe in July, while U.S. buyers will have to wait until sometime in the latter half of 2015. Those who aren’t on the list will have their chance to see Ferrari’s new-generation sports car at the Geneva auto show—but the first stateside opportunity might not be until the Pebble Beach festivities in August.

KOENIGSEGG REGERA

Koenigsegg has built fewer cars during its entire existence than Ferrari produces in a single week, and yet the Swedish hypercar manufacturer has become disproportionally adept at winning headlines.
The figures are somewhere beyond being merely intimidating. The Regera follows the example set by the McLaren P1, the Ferrari LaFerrari, and the Porsche 198 by using a hybrid drivetrain, albeit one completely unlike anything we’ve seen before. It uses both a twin-turbocharged 5.0-liter V-8 engine and three electric motors for a total combined output of 1.11 megawatts, which converts to 1509 metric horsepower—or 1489 horsepower on America’s SAE measuring stick. Koenigsegg claims the 0-to-400-kph (249 mph) acceleration time of less than 20 seconds makes the Regera—Swedish for “to reign”—the fastest-accelerating car in the world.
We’ll get to the powertrain in a second—trust us, it’s better to take a run-up—but first, a word about the design. Perhaps the most amazing thing about the styling is that Koenigsegg did it almost entirely in-house and with no professional designers. The Regera is intended to be a more luxurious alternative to the existing Agera model. From the front, it does look almost completely different—you could call it understated by Koenigsegg’s standards. The side and rear profiles are dominated by the aero channels and the huge deployable rear wing. The cabin is the biggest surprise; Koenigsegg’s previous models have all had cockpits like blinged-up Group C racers, but the Regera looks plush and spacious by comparison, the big central display screen even features Apple CarPlay.
  

Out Go the Gears

And now on to the drivetrain. The gasoline side features the novel Koenigsegg Direct Drive transmission: In effect, a single-speed gear reduction for the mighty V-8 engine. Between the engine and the 2.85:1 rear final drive there’s no conventional gearbox, just a hydraulic coupling that, when closed, links the two directly. Below 30 mph, this can slip slightly, but it isn’t a proper clutch and won’t provide propulsion at very low speeds where the Regera relies instead on its electric motors. Above 30 mph, the Regera’s engine speed and wheel speed rise in direct proportion, with the engine’s 8250-rpm redline corresponding to the top speed of 249 mph. (Honda’s Accord hybrid and Accord plug-in hybrid) use single-speed transmissions that are similar in concept, although we wouldn’t be surprised if Christian von Koenigsegg wasn’t even aware of the existence of those 114-mph family sedans.)
Koenigsegg Direct Drive might sound like the solution to a nonexistent problem, but the company claims that the lack of a conventional gearbox both saves weight and reduces the power lost to the driveline by over 50 percent compared to a traditional transmission. And the electric motors provide the ability to fill in where the V-8 is producing less power and also to add extra performance on top of it, all the way to the Regera’s top speed. There are three YASA axial flux motors, which are lighter than the more common radial flux motors. Two 241-hp versions drive the rear wheels—and provide torque vectoring—and a 215-hp motor on the crankshaft supplies torque fill and also acts as both a generator and a starter motor.
The 620-volt battery pack sits in the chassis backbone where it takes up 2.4 cubic feet of space and weighs 254 pounds. Koenigsegg says it’s the most power-dense battery pack created for a road car, with a 9.27-kWh capacity. Prodigious flow rates—up to 671 horsepower can be supplied during full acceleration and 201 horsepower can be absorbed during regenerative braking. And, yes, the provision of a 3-kW onboard charger means that the Regera is a plug-in, with a claimed electric-only range of 22 miles. We’re told the entire transmission including the electric motors and the battery pack adds just 194 pounds to the Regera’s weight compared with its mass if it had been built with just the V-8 and the company’s existing seven-speed automated transmission.

Unique Among Hypercars

“This is of course very different to what people are used to in sports cars,” admitted company founder Christian von Koenigsegg, adding, “It’s nice to shift down, hear the engine howl and then shoot off. However, given the massive electrical support and the power of the internal-combustion engine over 2500 rpm, the experience is otherworldly. At low rpm, the engine will still feel truly monstrous as the combined torque is unbelievable. The fun of shifting down and planning for the acceleration is quickly forgotten and not missed. It needs to be experienced.”
Good luck with that final point. Just 80 Regeras will be produced, each one commanding a starting price of $1,890,000 before any taxes or fees. That sum is heady, sure, but it also seems like an odd sort of bargain when the track-only P1 GTR costs more than $3 million. And then there's this: The Regera will be offered in the U.S. as a fully federally compliant model, probably early next year.

Monday, June 29, 2015

MOST POWERFUL HOT HATCHES

No.1


AUDI RS3(2015)
2.5L  362bhp

No.2


MERCEDES BENZ A45 AMG(2013)
2.0L   355bhp







No.3


FORD FOCUS RS(2015)
2.3L   345bhp







No.4



HONDA CIVIC TYPE R (2015)
2.0L   306bhp





No.5


VOLKSWAGEN GOLF R32(2014)
2.0L   292bhp


MONACO GP FORMULA 1 WINNERS

AYRTON SENNA
(1960-1994)







 
6 TIME WINNERS

1#  1987 LOTUS 99T
2#  1989 MCLAREN-HONDA
3#  1990 MCLAREN-HONDA
4#  1991 MCLAREN-HONDA
5#  1992 MCALREN-HONDA
6#  1993 MCLARE-FORD


AYRTON SENNA 


LOTU 99T (1987)









GRAHAM HILL
(1929-1975)







 5 TIME WINNER 


1#  1963 BRM P57
2#  1964 BRM P57
3#  1965 BRM P57
4#  1968 LOTUS-FORD
5#  1969 LOTUS-FORD
GRAHAM HILL


BRM P57(1965)








MICHAEL SCHUMACHER 
(1969-PRESENT)






5 TIME WINNER
1#  1994 BENETTON-FORD
2#  1995 BENETTON-RENAULT
3#  1997 FERRARI
4#  1999 FERRARI
5#  2001 FERRARI
MICHAEL SCHUMACHER


BENETTON-RENAULT(1995)











ALAIN PROST
(1955-PRESENT)







4 TIME WINNER


1#  1984 MCLAREN-TAG
    2#  1985 MCLAREN-TAG
    3#  1986 MCLAREN-TAG
    4#  1988 MCLAREN-HONDA

ALAIN PROST


MCLAREN-TAG(1986)








3 TIME WINNER

STIRLIN MOSS                      1#1956
                                                   2#1960
                                                   3#1961

JACKIE STEWART                 1#1966
                                                   2#1971
                                                   3#1973

NICO ROSBERG                    1#2013
                                                   2#2014
                                                   3#2015




2 TIME WINNER

JUAN MANUEL FANGIO      1#1950
                                                   2#1957

MAURICE TRINTIGNANT   1#1955
                                                    2#1958

NIKI LAUDA                            1#1975
                                                    2#1976

JOBY SCHECKTER                1#1977
                                                    2#1979

DAVID COULTHARD             1#2000
                                                    2#2002

FERNANDO ALONSO            1#2006
                                                    2#2007

MARK WEBBER                     1#2010
                                                    2#2012

Sunday, June 28, 2015

BRUCE MCLAREN BIOGRAPHY

IN MOTOR RACING we all mentally form intimate lists categorizing world class drivers. One is headed "Safe, highly experienced and skilled; indestructible." Bruce McLaren headed many such lists. The shock, apart from the grief, following his sudden death at Goodwood while testing the new McLaren Can-Am car was therefore intensified. Espe­cially ironical and cruel was the fact that he had thoughtfully elected not to drive either of the two McLaren entries at Indianapolis and returned to England after that race to busy himself, typically, with testing the usual impeccably prepared Can-Am cars.
Bruce being only 33, with his ageless, joyful, youthful appearance, it was easy to forget that of all the world-class drivers he was, with the exception of his friend Jack Brabham, the most experienced of all in terms of years.
At 16 he was a secretly frightened competition license holder competing in his first hill-climb in a highly tweaked Austin 7. His father, an engineer and motor car man, had encouraged him and was his greatest supporter.
Bruce, especially when tired, had a marked limp as a result of an illness known as Legg-Perthes disease which classically descends out of the blue on previously healthy nine-year-old boys and caused them, in those days, to be placed flat on their backs in traction for periods up to two years in an orthopedic hospital. After recovery the hip joint is never completely efficient and is occasionally painful.
In retrospect, it is clear that Bruce's glorious sense of humor, resilience, patience and puckishness was born, or at least solidified, during that long period. One incident needs to be recalled. He was always a quiet leader and led, during this sojourn in the hospital, his like-aged colleagues in a grid of four-wheeled "spinal chairs" on a secret night foray down the winding, smooth, downhill paths. The steering and handling were, of course, lamentable, and there was naturally an awful multiple shunt into the flower beds. The important part of the story is that all involved-by team effort and leadership got back to their rightful bed stations totally undiscovered and unharmed.
Also of great importance in his early life were his parents. Their support and parental concern clearly helped evolve Bruce's unquestioned adult happy acceptance of life's ups and downs, his compassion; kindness, interest in others and his huge determination to succeed.
It is entirely appropriate to add the objective genetic fac­tor of inheritable traits at this point. Bruce was the first of the New Zealand International Grand Prix Association's "Driver to Europe" scholarship winners. This scholarship got the young driver to Europe all right but left him virtually on his own on arrival.
A somewhat forlorn 20-year-old Bruce with his friend Colin Beanland, acting as mechanic, set foot in England in 1958. Jack Brabham, John and Charles Cooper provided the much-needed father figures and the two New Zealanders moved into the Cooper works to literally build their own Formula 2 Cooper.
It wasn't long before Bruce was getting entries at good Formula 2 races and causing enthusiasts to look at the program to see who this small, very young Commonwealth type might be. Everyone was suddenly made to really sit up at the 1958 German Grand Prix, a combined F1 and F2 race at the Nurbürgring. The end of this episode is best summarized by Jack Brabham. "I don't know. A couple of Arabs came over with three spanners and a spare wheel just to fill up the entry list and then they win the bloody race." Bruce was 5th overall and first F2 car and stood on the victory dais beside Tony Brooks, who had won the F1 race in a Vanwall that day. At this point Bruce had truly arrived and his career in the big time started.
In this same year, 1958, Tyrrell, one of the great spotters of driving talent, offered Bruce the drive in his F2 Cooper and this friendship and educational experience was also important. The perfectionist in Bruce began to show itself in many ways. The late "Noddy" Grohman and Mike Barney were perfectionist Cooper mechanics and friends also. One hour before the race, Bruce, with a little list in his hand would say, "Noddy and Mike, did you top her up with oil?" The two mechanics would not even deign to answer and gave him looks that could kill. When they were not looking, however, Bruce simply could not resist undoing the filler cap to peek.
The next year saw him join the Cooper factory team along with Jack Brabham and Masten Gregory. It is not widely known that Bruce received much training in engineering school and during the next years there cannot have been two other drivers who spent more time involved in testing, development and preparation than he and Brabham. This was a period of the most important and happy hard work.
This was also the time when the leaders in the sport were quietly realizing that while it was important to get maximum horsepower, seconds could also be knocked off lap times by tuning the chassis. Ken Tyrrell was a pioneer here and he always thought very highly of Bruce in this regard. As Tyrrell explained it, one of the most difficult things a driver is called upon to do in testing is to drive constantly flat-out at exactly the same speed, lap after lap, and then report on the handling and so on. It was here that all the ground­work for the subsequent maturation in the whole field of motor racing was done.
At the end of 1959 Bruce McLaren became, at 22, the youngest driv
er ever to win a World Championship F1 race, the U.S. Grand Prix at Sebring. For Cooper, 1959 was the first of the two successive golden years, as they won the Manufacturers’ Championship, and in 1960 Jack retained his World Championship with 23-year-old Bruce second in the standings for World Cham­pionship driver. Bruce was to win a total of four grandes epreuves: U.S. (1959), Argentina (1960), Monte Carlo (1962) and Belgium (1968). As an indicator of his experience and reliability over the years, in accumulative cham­pionship points he ranked fifth behind Graham Hill, Fangio, Jim Clark and his friend Brabham.
He remained with Cooper until 1966, succeeding Brabham as their No. 1 driver when Jack left in 1962 to build his own cars. He started during this time his dogged versatile expansion into all branches of racing, including sports cars. He came to enjoy this very much and made many friends in the U.S. In 1966 he won the 24 hours of Le Mans with Chris Amon in a 7-liter Ford Mark IIA and in the following year the 12 hours of Sebring with Mario Andretti in a Ford Mark IV.
Another milestone was reached in 1963-64 because he was itchy to break out and have his own team. For the Tasman series he had his own two specially built 2.5-liter Coopers. The late Timmy Mayer had spent his first European season in Formula 3 driving in Ken Tyrrell's nursery and Bruce invited him to join him Down Under, being much impressed with his talent. This was to be a sort of rehearsal as John Cooper had also been impressed enough to sign the young American as his number two driver to number one McLaren for the following season. Although Bruce won that Tasman series championship, the new team returned in sadness for Timmy was tragically killed in practice for the last race of that series. For Teddy Mayer, manager for his brother, and mechanic Tyler Alexander, however, this was the start of their long subsequent association and eventual setting up of McLaren Racing Ltd. in 1966 with Teddy Mayer as partner. From that point on we saw another quality emerge in Bruce, that of an astute businessman and hard working executive.
Bruce remained a world-class driver but more and more his maturity allowed him to be comfortable that others were quicker and that his future lay in design, building and development. McLaren Formula 1 cars were then produced and Bruce won Spa in 1968 in his own McLaren-Ford and later that year his team driver, Denny Hulme, won the Italian and Canadian GPs in McLaren-Fords.
During all this time, the planning was going on inside the heads of Bruce and Teddy Mayer which was to lead to the pinnacle of his overall career-the Canadian-American Chal­lenge Cup series for Group 7 sports cars. McLaren Racing Ltd. won support effort from Chevrolet, Goodyear, Reynolds and Gulf and produced the McLaren car that won five of six races in the 1967 series, four of six in 1968 and all 11 in 1969. This superb domination of the series had many re­wards and just before Bruce's death, the Royal Automobile Club was ready to announce its presentation of the Seagrave Trophy to him for these outstanding performances.
But now Bruce McLaren has stopped. Suddenly and awfully, we shall all stop seeing the most famous and attractive grin in all of motor racing; waiting for the hesitation while he carefully thought something out before replying calmly, quietly and firmly. And waiting too for the chance of an accompanying funny remark which would in its turn produce a deep booming laugh which rippled up his whole small body into the laughing eyes. Can there have been in the history of the sport a more universally loved figure? Did anyone ever hear so often a man who, listening to a conversation in which some unpleasant individual was having his character assassinated, find some redeeming feature and defend him?
He would say that he had had a marvelous life; that he hoped we wouldn't forget him and that we would always talk about him and of the myriad of exciting and happy times. We won't ever forget and we will do as he would want. All his many friends are thinking of his wife and his daughter and extend their deep sympathy to them and to his parents.